The Intelligence
Explaining something and giving it a definition requires knowing at least every thing about it. This may be difficult whit topics like intelligence because it is something that can not be seen. Psychologists tried to put their definition of intelligence according to what they can see, but they could not agree on one specific definition. One of their definition is that "intelligence is the ability to learn and adapt to the environment"(Introduction to Psychology-2001-Elgin-little pp 158-159). One of the most famous authors who wrote about intelligence is Haward Gardner who viewed intelligence as "the capacity to solve problem or to fashion products that are valued in one ore more cultural setting"(Gardner and Hatch, 1989). He also reviewed literature using eight criteria or signs of intelligence: Linguistic intelligence, Logical – mathematical intelligence, Musical intelligence, Spatial intelligence, Bodily – kinesthetic intelligence, Interpersonal intelligence and Intrapersonal intelligence. In following, three of these types will be discussed in details spatial intelligence, musical intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence.Spatial intelligence is defined as being the ability to understand and interpret shapes and images in three dimensions. Usually, using spatial intelligence leads to interpreting thing which may or may not physically be seen. It is used to know direction in the sea with start as a guide solving puzzles and many things that are related to shapes. In some brain injuries, people can lose their ability to know where they are or even to know their closest relatives although they may see the other person or place very well. In learning, students may use their spatial intelligence by focusing on graphs, charts and pictures in books. Developing the spatial intelligence is really needed in studying like studying design.The musical intelligence can be found in some cases of musicians like Mozart, Saens, Boulez, Saint and others who had special sensitivity to pitch, timber rhythm of sound and responsiveness to the emotional effects of these elements. In some cases, there are children who can per for or play music perfectly but are unable to talk or communicate with other. That makes it clear for scientists that the musical ability is located in specific area of the brain. Learner who has this ability may study perfectly while the music is on the background or they may easily lose their attention to teacher because of a bird singing outside. Although it is clear that the musical intelligence is an independent ability from other abilities, some people still refuse to accept it as an intelligence by its own.Intrapersonal intelligence is the hardest to observe along with Interpersonal intelligence. Although, it is defined as the ability of being able to understand one's feeling, dreams and ideas which are kept inside. It is a kind of know liege that people use to know themselves so they can do better in their life. A strong intrapersonal intelligence can lead to confidant, self-esteem and strong character that can be used in solving problem. On the other hand, a weak intrapersonal intelligence makes it impossible or difficult for many people to consider themselves as dependent individuals and entities away from their environment. Knowing who we are, what feeling we have and why we are this way is the most important thing to success in any social event.To conclude, there are different definitions for intelligence which can be right or wrong at the same time because we are discussing something we can not see. In spite of this problem, scientists different tailed between types of intelligence and listed the features of each one to make it obvious for everyone.
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